Phase transformations as important markers for heat treatment detection of corundum and other gemstones

Presentation by Michael S. Krzemnicki, Pierre Lefèvre, Wei Zhou

Want to learn more about rubies?

Start your journey to becoming an emerald expert with our free online course “Introduction to rubies”.

Learn all about rubies. Their fascinating history, how they form, where they come from. Learn about all the different origins of rubies and their treatments. Take this course as an introduction to the wonderful world of rubies.